Sonnet

Sonnet is a lyric form that has been popular since the Italian poet Petrarch perfected it. Sonnets have written in groups, called, naturally enough, sonnet sequences. It is composed of fourteen iambic pentameter lines.

Two kinds of Sonnet
Italian or Miltonic and the Shakespearean
Italian form maybe divided into an octet (the first eight lines) and a sestet (the remaining six lies) and the final couplet, which is often an epigrammatic summary of the idea of the sonnet.
Shakespearean sonnet rhymes a b a b, c d c d, e f e f, g g .

Stanza Forms

Stanza Forms
Stanza• is really a thought unit that corresponds to a paragraph in prose. There are a number of standard stanza forms, composed of a certain number of lines of a definite number of feet, and a definite pattern of rhyme.
Blank verse
• is the least complex unit. It is not exactly a stanza form because it based on the single line, any number of which maybe used to make up a poem.
• Blank verse line is of iambic pentameter.
• Blank verse does not rhyme. This stanza form used in long poems.

Heroic couplet consists of two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter.
Ballad stanza is a stanza of four lines; the first and third are tetrameter, the second and fourth are trimester. Extra-unaccented syllables are frequent. The second and fourth lines rhyme, the first and third do not.
Rhyme Royal is a stanza of seven iambic pentameter lines with definite rhyme scheme. In indicating rhyme scheme here and in other stanza forms we use this system: lines that rhyme with each other are given identical letters – all lines that rhyme with the first rhyming line are lettered a, with the second rhyming line, b, etc. The rhyme scheme of rhyme royal is a b a b b c c.
Ottava rima is consists of eight iambic pentameter lines rhyming a b a b a b cc.
Spenserian stanza is made up of nine lines – the first eight in iambic pentameter, the last of iambic hexameter (that is, of six iambic feet).
Sonnet is a lyric form that has been popular since the Italian poet Petrarch perfected it. Sonnets have written in groups, called, naturally enough, sonnet sequences. It is composed of fourteen iambic pentameter lines.
Terza Rima consists of stanzas of three iambic pentameter lines each (tercets). Each linked to the next by the rhyme scheme, which is: a b a, b c b, c d c, d e d, etc.
Free Verse is different from any of the forms previously mentioned: it has no rhyme and it follows no regular meter. Its lines may be, an often are, of varying length.

Some Elements of Poetry

Some Elements of Poetry
Rhyme
• refers to the correspondence of some of the sounds of words. The words rate ate, and late rhyme, as do scope, lope, and grope.
In most rhyming poetry, the rhyming words come at the ends of lines:


Rhythm and meter
• are closely allied characteristics or poetry.
• Rhythm refers to the flow of sounds, their rise and fall, their accents, and pauses.
Meter• is regularized, patterned rhythm. Notice how in this line of Words-worth’s


It is possible to accent alternate syllables so that the line maybe read (with some exaggeration, of course) as,


Or, take this line of Ben Jonson’s:


This maybe read as,


-Each of these groups called a foot. A foot must contain at least one accented syllable. The first example, with the accented syllable following the unaccented one, is an iambic foot. The second, which has the accented syllable coming first, is a trochaic foot.

Monometer is a line with one foot.
Dimeter is a line with two feet.
Trimeter is a line with four feet.
Tetrameter is a line with four feet.
Pentameter is a line with five feet.
Hexameter is a line with six feet.

Melody
Alliteration – means the repetition for effect of initial vowels or consonants.
Onomatopoeia – is a long word that means simply the imitation in words of natural sounds.
Assonance – refers to the correspondence of vowel sounds. It differs from rhyme in that it does not have identical consonant sounds following the identical vowels.

Poetry

Poetry
Kinds of Poetry
Lyric Poetry• is the most popular or the most familiar kind of poetry.
• It is closest to music, the ancient lyrics having been sung to the accompaniment of the lyre, whence its name.
• It is an expression of the poet’s own feeling—about love, nature, man or woman—in short about almost subject which may move her or him.
• Lyric is generally a short poem.
• Shakespeare, Burns, Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Keats, Tennyson, and more recently, William Butler Yeats are some of the great lyricists in English literature.
Ode• is a special kind of lyric, written in a dignified and elevated style.
Elegy• is a lament on the death of a person.
• The great elegies, however, go further than to mourn death. They often use the death of a person as a starting point from which they may proceed to a discussion of such matters as the meaning of death, life, and even the universe.
Narrative Poetry
• Like narrative prose, tells a story.
Epic
• An epic is a long narrative, usually in verse, dealing usually with the fabulous adventures of a national or mythological hero.
• Great Epics are: Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the Scandinavian eddas, the Tetonic sagas, and Anglo-Saxon Beowulf.
Ballad• is a short narrative poem, telling an actual folk story or a folk-like story in verse form.
• “The Twa Corbies” and “The Wife of Usher’s Well” are the popular folk ballads. And “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” by Oscar Wilde and Kipling’s “A Ballad of East and West” are the modern literary ballads.

Drama

Drama• Which either may be written in poetry or in prose, is a literary form which is intended primarily for enactment on a stage. An individual dramatic work was known as a play.
• The great plays of the past have been partially or entirely verse, but the tendency among modern dramatists has been to write in prose.
• A play usually divided into a number of acts; each act maybe divided into scenes.
• Classical plays are usually either tragedies or comedies.
• A tragedy is play with a great, noble hero who possesses some major flaw of character. The plot often turns on an act committed by the hero against the gods or the moral order, for which he is duly punished.

Forms of Non-Fiction

Forms of Non-Fiction
Essay• is a more or less brief literary work dealing with one main topic.
• Personal Essay is an exposition of one’s personal reaction to a person, thing, or event.
• Formal Essay it may be more objective in its approach to its subject matter.
• The first essays in English wee written by Francis Bacon.
• Addison, Steele, De Quincey, Lamb, Carlyle, Thomas Huxley are the other famous English essayists. In America, we have Emerson, Thoreau, James Russell Lowell, H.L. Mencken, Christopher Morley, and Edmund Wilson.

Biography• comes from the two Greek words: bios meaning life, and graphein, meaning to write.
• It means biography means, “to write of life.”
• Biographies are the life stories of people, usually famous people, or people who have contributed to the world.

Fiction

Fiction
Novel
• is the most popular form of writing today.
• It deals with a set of characters, characters are related by the action of the story, or the plot; and the emphasis of the novel may be on the events of the plot, or on the main character, the hero or heroine of the story, or upon the society of people with the novel treats.
• The length of a novel may vary from perhaps two hundred pages as in the case of Ethan Frome, to one thousand pages, as in the case of War and Peace.
• Daniel Defoe author of Robinson Crusoe was the first great novelist in English.

Short Story• As its name implies, is short-perhaps two or three pages, sometimes fifty pages.
• The “shortness,” however, is less a matter of absolute brevity than it is of being more limited in scope, and more compact in theme, than the novel.
• A master of the short story was Edgar Allan Poe, said that it should not contain a single word that was not absolutely necessary and appropriate to the whole.
• Guy de Maupassant, Anton Chekhov, Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ring Lardner, and Ernest Hemingway are the great writers of short stories.

Two broad categories of Prose:

Fiction and non-Fiction

Fiction is an imaginary invention, usually a tale conceived by the writer, although often with a basis in actuality; a writer may make up a story out of whole cloth, or he may, out of some real incident or real set of characters, mold a story.

Non-Fiction does not tell an imagined story. It may relate the actual story of a man’s life, in which case it is a biography. Essay is other main form of non-fiction, which develops an opinion or describes a way of doing something, often with notable distinctions of style.

A Guide to Literature

Literature-the imaginative, durable and creative writings of authors of the past and the present, generally divided into two great categories, poetry and prose.

Prose-is the language that we speak in our daily lives, the language we read in newspapers, and hear in the streets and on the radio and television.

Poetry-it is more highly condensed than prose, it uses figures of speech more systematically, and it is usually more rhythmic than prose.

Sandara Park

Twenty one (21)

Twenty one

What is Love??

What is love?
Love is patient; love is kind. Love is not jealous, it does not put on airs, it is not self-seeking, it is not prone to anger; neither does it brood over injuries. Love does not rejoice in what is wrong but rejoices with the truth. There is no limit to love is forbearance, to its trust, its hope, its power to endure. (1Cor. 14:4-7)

What is Love??

What is love?
Love is patient; love is kind. Love is not jealous, it does not put on airs, it is not self-seeking, it is not prone to anger; neither does it brood over injuries. Love does not rejoice in what is wrong but rejoices with the truth. There is no limit to love is forbearance, to its trust, its hope, its power to endure. (1Cor. 14:4-7)

Mission (Personal)

Mission (Personal)

We wake up every morning and prepare ourselves for new things we want to do, to go to school or in work early. We know where we are going.

However, are we really know where we are going with our life? In addition, why are we?

Our mission in life is our reasons for existence, our reason for being. Schools write their own mission statements to give them directions and to enable them to clarify things or to clarify their values when making any decisions.

Our mission or personal mission statement sets the overall purpose and general guidelines for our life. It defines what is important to us, what we believed in, what we want to make of our lives. Ask these questions to yourself and answer:

• What do I believed in? What do I value?
• What do I want in my life?
• At the end of my life, what do I want to have accomplished?
• What do I want significant people to say about me?

2NE1 - Fire

..thIz siTe is nice..!!

Guides For You!: Have you Noticed??

Guides For You!: Have you Noticed??

Guides For You!: Broken Hearted

Guides For You!: Broken Hearted

Have you Noticed??

Have you noticed grass??

Even if somebody steps on it, it never gets hurt. It never hurts others too.

When a wild storm attack, all the big trees get uprooted, but the simple grass survives.

So stay noble and humble like the grass..

Simple but strong.

Broken Hearted

Broken Hearted
Lahat ng tao na bobroken heart, tama???
Karamihan satin madaling nakaka-move on.
Marami naman ang dumating na mga taon ay masakit parin sa kanila.
Buhay nga naman, kaya kapag nagmahal tayo, huwag sobra sobra. Ok!!..
Magtira para sa sarili.


-sorry wala nqng maisip na topic ngayon ehh!!hahah

Easier Life

Life Easier
Before, People have always made tools to help themselves survive. Early people carved and cut woods to spears to kill animals for food. This generations or today, most of us do not hunt animals for foods, but we work to have money and buy for our own foods in supermarket, markets, store or even in carinderias. Now, People often use machines, to make our works or jobs faster and easier.

Favorite Colors

FAV. COL
Favorite colors, many of us or almost all of us have their own favorite colors, right?? Some of us like the light colors, dark colors and so on. Did you know that those colors have their own meaning also?,. I guess you know it already"
But if you ask me what is my fav. color. "I love blue and pink" why?? ofcourse.... I don't know,. just kidding. basta love ko lang. ehe

GirLs

GirLs
"Mga Babae" katulad ng mga lalaki, may mababait, matino (pero bihira nlang), masipag, malambing, matulungin, lahat meron. Pero sabi nila ngaung panahon na ito may mga maloko narin sa mga girLs (pero ndi naman lahat) masisisi ba nten sila???? Ndi dba" kasi ndi naman magkakaganun yung iba kung ndi rin sila naloko. Right??.. Pero sa tingin ko parepareho lang lahat ang mga tao. Lahat nagbabago.
GoodLuck nlang din sa mga Boys..!!

Boys

Boys
"Mga Lalaki" guys, or mga toL.
May mga guys na kind, gentleman, responsible, matalino, lahat ng magandang katangian nasa ibang lalaki. Swerte nlang nang mga girls kapag nakahanap sila ng ganung lalaki. Kaya lang this time, I think wala ng guys na ganun",. Kaya goOdLuck nalang sa mga girLs.

Dogs

Dogs
Dogs are so cute and lovable pets for me, they are so "malambing" like cats. That's why I have only one dog. Hahah......

Playing

Playing
Playing is fun and it also helps you learn about the world around you. You can play with another person, with many people, or by yourself. There are games and sports to play or you can make-believe. Playing is a time to do things that you enjoy doing. Everyone needs to spend some time playing. Even the grown-ups around you need to play! Having fun helps you to relax, which feels good, too.

Feelings

Feelings
We experience different feelings or emotions every sec, every time, everyday, every year. Right?. We have feelings about everything that happens to us or even the things around us. We may feel lonely or happy, bored or excited, relaxed or worried, angry or calm. We may show our feelings in a way we behave or shout or naughty. Strong feelings can make us laugh or cry. Everyone has feelings, but the same things can make us different and feel totally different.
-Feeling sad make us feel very sad or extremely frightened or very happy.
-Feeling happy make us laugh or smiling and it feels good. But it can be difficult to stop if we laugh too much, and laughing hard can make us cry!

> A good way to stop being frightened to something or someone is to learn more about it or about him/her.

Eating

Eating
Food gives us energy. It helps to keep us warm when the weather is cold. Food is made up of different substances. We need some of these substances to grow and stay healthy.
When we eat, we chew and swallow foods which our body need to keep us energetic and alive. When we feel hungry it means that we need food to eat. Our body takes substances called nutrients from food. Most foods contain a mixture of nutrients. To stay healthy, it’s best to eat lots of the foods, healthy foods.

Drinking

Drinking
Our body is about two-thirds of water and our body needs to be kept wet all the time, to avoid dehydrations. When we feel thirsty, our body is telling us that we need to drink a glass of water or juices. The liquids we drink are mostly made of water. They quickly replace the water into our body that has lost through breathing, sweating, and washing away waste.

Tasting

Tasting
Taste is the sense that lets you know the flavor of food and drink. The taste of food helps you enjoy eating and drinking. It can also tell you if something has spoiled. Food must be moist to be tasted. Your mouth makes a liquid called saliva or “laway” in tagalong, or spit. It mixes with your food as you chew. Once the food is moist it reacts with tiny bumps on your tongue called taste buds. Your taste buds work closely with your smell detectors to tell you what is in your mouth.

Touching

Touching
Our sense of touch is to find out how the things we feel against our skin. When we touch something, tiny detectors in our skin send msg. to our brain. They tell us about the size & shape of things we touched, & exactly what they feel like: rough, smooth, wet, dry, or cold.

Smelling

Smelling
Smells come from chemicals that flat in the air. Your nose picks up smells when you breathe in. Your sense of smell can help you to find out about the world around you. Smells are invisible and can let you know about things you cannot see.

1. Smelly things give off chemicals that travel through the air. As you breathe in, some of the chemicals get trapped in for a while in the slimy mucus inside your nose.
2. Your smell detector cells are in a small patch under the mucus. These cells send messages to your brain about the chemicals that are trapped in the mucus. Smell detectors can recognize about 3,000 different chemicals.
3. Most smells are made up of a mixture of chemicals. You can learn to recognize many thousands more of these mixtures.

Breathing

Breathing
When we breathe, we suck air into our body through our nose and mouth, and blow it out again. The air goes down a tube in our throat and into our lungs, which are two stretchy, spongy bags in our chest. Air contains a gas called oxygen, which we need to stay alive. As we breathe, our blood collects the oxygen and takes it to every part of your body.
Our body needs oxygen that we use to breathe to get energy. When we move fast or work hard, we use more energy. We have to breathe quickly and take a deeper breath.
When our cells take energy from food, they make a waste called carbon dioxide. Our blood takes this waste back to your lungs. We get rid of it when you when we breathe out.

Moving

Moving
Moving gets you where you want to go. It lets you change the position of your whole body or any part of it. It also means you can pick things up and take them along with you. To make you body move, you send messages from your brain to your muscles. Some parts of you, such as your heart, keep moving all the time without these messages. Your body’s cells are always moving, too.

Healing

Healing
Our body is a super amazing machine in this universe that can fix itself. It can clear away dirt and germs and grow new skin when we got skin damages or wounds, muscles, or bone to repair an injury. Of course, a little sympathy helps, too.
Cells near a wound grow and work to replace damaged cells. First they make a quick repair. Then they work more slowly to make the injured place look as good as new. They cannot always make it look exactly as it did before it was hurt. A bad wound may leave scars.

Seeing

Seeing
Your sense of sight gives you a picture of what is happening around you. Your eyes pick up light bulb. Light rays bounce off everything you look at. Your eyes send messages about the light to your brain. It turns them into a picture. You use your eyes all the time as you learn and grow and explore the world around you.
Our two eyes point in the same direction, which is forward. Each eye sees a slightly different picture. The brain combines the two pictures into one. This is called binocular vision.

Hearing

Hearing
Hearing is the sense that lets us to know about different sounds. Our ears and brain are work together to tell us what sounds are and where they come from. This helps us to understand the things around us and to listen and talk to other people. Hearing sounds can help us to know what to expect. We can listen to sounds such as music just for fun.
We can remember certain sounds well, especially voices that we hear. Our brain began learning to understand voice. A baby quickly recognizes its mother’s voice. Hearing tells us how loud or soft a sound is and whether it is a high squeak or a low rumble.

Older Adults

Older Adults
For older adults, the pace of life may be a little easier than it was in their middle years. If they have children, the children probably have their own homes. Older adults often work less and have more time for themselves, their friends and their families. If they’re lucky, they can share their experiences and knowledge of life with others.

-Older people can remember the things that happened before you were born in this earth. Sometimes they can tell you a story about your family background or history.
-Older adults often have the time to be with their friends especially the older man, they didn’t follow a routine, just enjoy their time with their friends.
-Sometimes older adults need your help to do something he/she thinks that he/she can’t be doing without your help, like carrying heavy things and packages.
-Their lives become less hectic, many of them find time for things they couldn’t do in younger years.

Mature Adults

Mature Adults
As adults “matanda” grow older, their lives may get busier and more complicated. Some grown-ups live both with their children and with their parents. At work, they often have a lot of responsibility. They may also contribute to their communities.

-Mature adults often spend much of their time teaching others. They may still be learning themselves, but it is also time for them to pass on their experiences.
-Many adults worry about getting wrinkles and gray hair, but these are only changes to the outside of their bodies. It’s important for adults to stay fit even though they are so busy.
-Friendship is important to mature adults. They make new friends but keep many old friends, their high school friends.

Young Adult

Young Adult
When people become young adults, they often have a good idea about what they want to do in life, and how they want to live. Will they live in a big city or in the country? Will they want to work with other people or alone? Do they want to get married and have a family?

-Many young adults choose to continue with their studies. During their vacations they may take a job to earn money, or travel and explore the world.
-When young people leave home, they often have to take care of themselves for the first time. That means cleaning, cooking, and managing their money.
-Sports and hobbies are a way of relaxing, but most young adults like challenges, too. Many choose to spend time mastering a new skill.
Many sports stars such as Olympic athletes are young adults at this age, their body is at its peak and is able to do the best it ever will in most sports.

-Many people choose to settle down, find their own place, or get married as young adults. The friendships they make often last a lifetime.

Teens

Teens
During the teenage years, a person’s body goes through the final changes of becoming an adult. Teenagers are no longer children. They can even have crushes, boyfriends or girlfriends and children of their own, imagine that?. But most prefer to spend this stage of their lives learning more about everything in this universe.

-Becoming a teenager is like getting a new body, sexy body.
-Teens are old enough “matanda na” to go out without their parents or without informing their parents “mudra @ fudra” where they are going. For the first time, they can do things by themselves, without any adults involve or around.
-Looking good is important to most teens. They need to keep in shape if they want to look their best.
-Lots of exciting things are happening in teenagers’ lives outside the school, but they still need to study, because their education will make a big difference their future lives.
-Most teens start dating. They also develop close friendships with other people at their age. They sometimes seem to have little time for their families.
-Having a job for the first time can be fun, even if it is hard work. It feels good having money that you have earned yourself.

School Children

School Children
-Schoolchildren love to make things. They can even create complicated things because they have become more coordinated.
-Most children look forward to the first grade. This may be the year they learn to red. They recognize more and more what is real and what is imaginary.
-Playtime is important. Exercise makes your body stronger. Kids in school can play group games now.
-As they get older, schoolchildren can learn to do more and more for themselves and to help others.
-By time you go to school, your brain has grown to its full size. You will learn more as you get older and older, but your brain won’t become any bigger, just fuller.

People

People
What are People?

People are special animals.
People belong to the group of animals called mammals. Mammals are animals whose babies are born live rather than hatched from eggs. All mammal babies can drink milk from their mother’s body. Dogs, horses, cats and whales are mammals, too. But human beings are different in some important ways.
Most mammals move on all four feet, but people walk upright. Our hipbones are specially shaped to help us keep our balance. People have thumbs that can grasp things. Unlike other animals, people can survive in many different environments. We can live almost anywhere in the world.